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Professor Richard B. Banati

Richard Banati

Professor and Chair, Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences
Chairman, Ramaciotti Centre for Brain Imaging

Contact Details

Room: M211
Telephone: +61 02 93519-884 or 501
Fax: +61 02 9351 9146
Email:

Research Interests

  • Molecular in vivo Imaging
  • Cell biology of glia (non-neuronal mechanisms of brain function
  • Microglia
  • Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors
  • Neuronal regeneration
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Neurooncology
  • Technology assessment

Publications

  1. Graeber, M. B., Banati, R. B., Streit, W. J., and G.W.Kreutzberg, Immuno-phenotypic characterization of rat brain macrophages in culture, Neuroscience Letters (1989) 103, 241-246.
  2. Kettenmann, H., Hoppe, D., Gottmann, K., Banati, R. B., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Cultured microglial cells have a distinct pattern of membrane channels different from peritoneal macrophages, J. Neurosc. Res. (1990) 26, 278-287.
  3. Banati, R. B., Rothe, G., Kreutzberg, G.W., and G. Valet, Respiratory burst in brain macrophages: A flow cytometric study on cultured rat microglia, J. Neuropath. Appl. Neuro. (1991) 17, 223-230.
  4. Banati, R. B., Kreutzberg, G.W., Hoppe, D., Gottmann, K. and Kettenmann, H., A subpopulation of bone marrow derived macrophage-like cells shares a unique ion channel pattern with microglia, J. Neurosc. Res. (1991) 30, 593-600.
  5. Werner, T., Ferroni, S., Saermark, T., Brack-Werner, R., Banati, R.B., Mager, R., Steinaa, L., Kreutzberg, G.W. and V. Erfle, HIV-1 nef protein exhibits structural and functional similarity to neurotoxins, AIDS (1991) 5, 1301-1308.
  6. Assfalg-Machleidt, I., G. Rothe, Klingel, S.-O., Banati, R. B., W.F. Mangel, G. Valet and W. Machleidt. Membrane permeable fluorogenic rhodamine substrates for selective determination of cathepsin Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler (1992) 373, 433-440.
  7. König, G., Mönning, U., Czech, C., Prior, R., Banati, R. B., Schreiter-Gasser, U., Bauer, J., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K., Identification and differential expression of a novel alternative splice isoform of the betaA4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA in leukocytes and brain microglial cells, J. Biol. Chem. (1992) 267, 10804-10809.
  8. Mönning, U., König, G., Banati, R. B., Czech, C., Mechler, H., Gehrmann, J., Schreiter-Gasser, U., Masters, C.L. and Beyreuther, K., Alzheimer beta A4-amyloid protein precursor in immunocompetent cells, J. Biol. Chem. (1992) 267, 23950-23956.
  9. Gehrmann, J., Mies, G., Bonnekoh, P., Banati, R.B., Iijima,T., Hossmann, K.-A. and Kreuzberg, G.W., Microglial activation in the rat cerebral cortex in the wake of spreading depression, Brain Pathology (1992) 3, 11-17.
  10. Rothe, G., Klingel, S.O., Assfalg-Machleidt, I., W. Machleidt, Zirkelbach, C., Banati, R.B., W.F. Mangel, G. Valet, Flow cytometric analyis of protease activities in vital cells, Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler (1992) 373: 547-554.
  11. Assfalg-Machleidt, I., Rothe, G., Klingel, S.O., Banati, R.B., Mangel, W.F., G. Valet and Machleidt, W., Memebrane permeable fluorogenic rhodamine substartes for selective determination of cathepsin L (1992) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler (1992) 373: 433-440.
  12. Banati, R.B., Rothe, G., Valet, G. and G.W. Kreutzberg, Detection of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in microglia: flow cytometric measurement and histochemical localization of cathepsin B and L, Glia (1993) 7, 183-191.
  13. Brockhaus, J., Ilschner, S., Banati, R. B, and H. Kettenmann, Membrane properties of ameboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum slice from early postnatal mice. J. Neurosci. (1993) 13, 4412-4421.
  14. Banati, R.B. and G.W. Kreutzberg, Flow cytometry: measurement of proteolytic and cytotoxic activity of microglia, Clin. Neuropath. (1993) 12, 285-288.
  15. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Czech, C., Mönning, U., Jones, L.L., König, G., Beyreuther, K. and Kreutzberg, G.W., Early and rapid de novo synthesis of Alzheimer beta A4-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in activated microglia, Glia (1993) 9, 199-210.
  16. Gehrmann, J., Banati, R.B. and Kreutzberg, G.W., Microglia in the immune surveillance of the brain: human microglia constitutively express HLA-DR molecules, J. Neuroimmunol. (1993) 48, 189-198.
  17. Moneta, M.E., Gehrmann, J., Töpper, R., Banati, R.B., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Cell adhesion molecule expression in the regenerating rat facial nucleus, J. Neuroimmunol. (1993) 45, 203-206.
  18. Walz, W., Ilschner, S., C. Ohlemeyer, Banati, R.B, and H. Kettenmann, Extracellular ATP activates a cation conductance and a K+ conductance in cultured microglia cells from mouse brain, J. Neurosci. (1993) 13, 4403-4411.
  19. Banati, R.B., Schubert, P, Rothe, G., Gehrmann, J., Rudolphi, K., Valet, G., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Modulation of intracellular formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in peritoneal macrophages and microglia/Brain macrophages by propentofylline, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (1994) 14, 145-149.
  20. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Kreutzberg, G.W., Glial beta-amyloid precursor protein: expression in the dentate gyrus after entorhinal cortex lesion. Neuroreport (1994) 5(11), 1359-1361.
  21. Töpper, R., Gehrmann, J., Banati, R.B, Schwarz, M., Block, F., Noth, J., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Rapid appearance of beta-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in glial cells following excitotoxic brain injury, Acta Neuropathol. (1995) 89, 23-28.
  22. Mönning, U., Sandbrinck, R., Banati, R.B., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K., Transforming growth factor beta mediates increase of mature transmembrane amyloid precursor protein in microglial cells. FEBS Lett. 342 (1994) 267-272.
  23. Gehrmann, J., Banati R.B. Cuzner, M.L., Kreutzberg, G.W., Newcombe, J., Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in multiple sclerosis lesions. Glia (1995) 15: 141-51.
  24. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Wiessner, c., Hossmann, K.-A., Kreutzberg, G.W.,Expression of the Amyloid Precursor Protein in global ischemia, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab.(1995) 15: 647-654.
  25. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Lannes-Vieira, J., Wekerle, H., Kreutzberg, G.W., inflammatory reaction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is accompanied by a microglial expression of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, Glia (1995) 14, 209-215.
  26. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Kellner, M., Holsboer, F., and G.W. Kreutzberg, Antibodies against microglia/brain macrophages in the cerebral spinal fluid of a patient with acute amytrophic lateral sclerosis and presenile dementia, Clin. Neuropath. (1995) 14, 197-200.
  27. Mönning, U., Sandbrinck, R., Weidemann, A., Banati, R.B., Masters, C. and Beyreuther, K., Extracellular matrix influences the biogenesis of amyloid precursor protein in microglial cells, J. Biol. Chem. ( 1995) 270: 7104-7110.
  28. Gehrmann, J. and Banati, R.B., Microglial turnover in the injured CNS: activated microglia undergo delayed dna fragmentation following peripheral nerve injury. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. (1995) 54: 680-688.
  29. Opacka-Juffry, J., Ashworth, S., Sullivan, A.M., Banati, R.B., and Blunt, S.B., Lack of permanent nigrostriatal dopamine deficit following 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the rat striatum. J. Neural Transm. (1996)103:1429-1434.
  30. Schwarz, S.C., Kupsch, A.R., Banati, R.B., Oertel, W. H., Cellular immune-reactions in brain transplantation - Effects of Graft pooling and immunosupression in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Glia, (1996) Vol.17, No. 2, pp.103-120.
  31. Graeber, M.B., Kosel, S., Egensperger, R., Banati, R.B., Muller, U., Bise, K., Hoff, P., Muller, H.J., Fujisawa K., and Mehraein, P., Discovery of the case described by Alois Alzheimer in 1911: Historical, histological and molecular genetic analysis. Neurogenetics (1997) 1: 73-80.
  32. Banati, R.B., Myers, R. and Kreutzberg, G. W. PK (“Peripheral benzodiazepine”) binding sites in the central nervous system indicate early and discrete brain lesions: Microautoradiographic detection of [3H] PK11195 binding on activated microglia, J. Neurocytol. (1997) 26:77-82.
  33. Jones, L.L., Banati, R.B., Graeber, M.B., Bonfanti, L., Raivich, G., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Population control of microglia: Does apoptosis play a role ? J. Neurocytol. (1997) 26: 755-770.
  34. Banati, R.B., Daniel, S.E. and. Blunt, S.B., Glial pathology but absence of apoptotic nigral neurons in long-standing Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders (1998) 13: 221-227.
  35. Meyers, R. and Banati, R. B., Paulesu, E., Miller, D.H., and Jones, T., The use of 2D and 3D PET and [11C]R-PK11195 to image focal and regional brain pathology. In: Quantitative Functional Brain Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography, Eds. Carson, R.E., Daube-Witherspoon, M.E., and Herscovitch, P. N. (1998) 195-200, Academic Press.
  36. Bailey, D.L., Miller, M., Spinks, T.J., Bloomfield, P.M., Banati, R.B., Myers, R. and Jones, T., Brain PET studies with a high sensitivity Fully 3D tomograph. In: Quantitative Functional Brain Imaging with Positron Emssion Tomography, Eds. Carson, R.E., Daube-Witherspoon, M.E., and Herscovitch, P. N (1998) 25-32.
  37. Banati, R.B., Goerres, G., Tjoa, C., Aggleton, J., and Grasby, P., The functional anatomy of visual-tactile integration in man: a study using positron emission tomography. Neuropsychologia (1999) 38: 115-124.
  38. Banati, R.B., Newcombe, J., Gunn, R.N., Cagnin, A., Turkhemer, F., Heppner, F., Price , G., Wegner, F., Giovanoni, G., Miller, D., Perkins, D., Smith, T., Hewson, A., Bydder, G., Kreutzberg, G.W., Jones, T. Cuzner, M.L., Myers, R. The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: Quantitative in vivo-imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity. Brain (2000) 123: 2321-2337.
  39. Banati, R.B., Goerres, G.W., Myers, R., Kreutzberg, G.W., Brooks, D.J., Jones, T. , Duncan, J., Detection of brain inflammation in vivo: PET-imaging of activated microglia / brain macrophages in Rasmussen’s encephalitis. Neurology (1999) 53: 2199-2203.
  40. Cagnin, A., Myers, R., Gunn, R.G., Turkheimer, F.E., Cunningham, V.J., Brooks, D.J., Jones, T., Banati, R.B., Imaging activated microglia in the ageing human brain. In: Physiological imaging of the brain with PET, Eds Gjedde, A., Hansen, S.B., Knutsen, G., and Paulson, O.B. (2001) Academic Press, London, pp 361-365.
  41. S. Pappata, M. Levasseur, R.N. Gunn, R. Myers, C. Crouzel, A. Syrota, T. Jones, G.W. Kreutzberg and R.B. Banati., Thalamic microglial activation in ischemic stroke detected in vivo by pet and [11C]PK11195. neurology (2000) 55: 1052-1054.
  42. Turkheimer, F.E., Banati, R.B., Visvikis, D., Aston, J.A.D., Gunn, R.N., Cunningham, V.J. , Modeling Dynamic PET-SPECT studies in the wavelet domain (2000) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20: 879-893.
  43. Goerres, G.W., Revesz T., Duncan, J., Banati, R.B., Imaging cerebral vasculitis in refractory epilepsy using [11C] (R)-PK11195 PET. Americ. J. Roentgenol. (2001) 176: 1016-1018.
  44. Cagnin, A., Brooks D.J., Kennedy, A.M., Gunn, R.N., Myers, R., Turkheimer, F.E., Jones, T., Banati, R.B. In vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia. (2001) The Lancet 358: 461-467 (commentary: 358: 436-437).
  45. Cagnin A., Myers, R., Gunn, R.N., Lawrence A.D, Stevens, T. MD, Kreutzberg, G.W., Jones, T, Banati, R.B. In vivo-visualisation of activated glia by [11C](R)-PK11195 PET following herpes encephalitis reveals projected neuronal damage beyond the primary focal lesion (2001) Brain 124: 2014-2027.
  46. Banati, R.B., Cagnin A., Brooks D.J., Gunn, R.N. Myers, R., Birch, R., Anand, P. Long-term transsynaptic glial responses in the human thalamus after peripheral nerve injury (2001) Neuroreport 12: 3439-3442.
  47. Turkheimer F.E., Aston, J.A.D., Banati R. B., Riddel C., Cunningham V.J. A linear wavelet filter for parametric imaging with dynamic PET. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. (2003) 22: 289-301.
  48. Gerhard A., Banati, R.B., Goerres G.W., Cagnin A., Myers R., Gunn R.N., Turkheimer F.E., Good C., Mathias C., Quinn N., Schwarz J., Brooks D.J. [11C](R) PK11195 PET imaging of microglial activation in multiple system atrophy. Neurology (2003) 61:686-9.
  49. Cagnin A., Rossor, M., Sampson EL, MacKinnon, T., Banati, R.B. In vivo detection of Microglial activation in fronto-temporal dementia (2004) Ann Neurol. 56 :894-7.
  50. Turner M.R., Cagnin A., Turkheimer F. E., Miller C. C. J., Shaw C. E., Brooks D. J., Leigh P. N., Banati, R.B. Evidence of widespread cerebral microglial activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An [11C](R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study. Neurobiology of Disease (2004) 15: 601-9.
  51. Moran LB, Duke DC, Turkheimer FE, Banati RB, Graeber MB., Towards a transcriptome definition of microglial cells. Neurogenetics (2004 ) 5:95-108.
  52. Durrenberger PF, Facer P, Gray RA, Chessell IP, Naylor A, Bountra C, Banati RB, Birch R, Anand P. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in injured human nerve and a rat model of nerve injury. J Peripher Nerv Syst (2004) 9 :15-25.
  53. Duke DC, Moran LB, Turkheimer FE, Banati R, Graeber MB. Microglia in culture: what genes do they express? Dev Neurosci. (2004) 26:30-7.
  54. Gerhard A, Watts J, Trender-Gerhard I, Turkheimer F, Banati RB, Bhatia K, Brooks DJ. In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in corticobasal degeneration. Mov Disord. (2004) 19:1221-6.
  55. Gerhard A, Schwarz J, Myers R, Wise R, Banati, RB. Evolution of microglial activation in patients after ischemic stroke: A [11C] (R)-PK11195 PET study. Neuroimage (2004) in press.
  56. Turner MR, Gerhard A, Banati RB, Al-Chalabi A, Hughes R, Shaw CE, Brooks DJ, Leigh PN. Mills’ and other isolated upper motoneuron syndromes: In vivo study with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET. J Neurol Neurosurgery and Psych 2004 (in press).
  57. Banati, RB, Egensperger, R, Maassen, A, Hager, G, Kreutzberg, GW, Graeber, MB. Mitochondria in activated microglia. J Neurocytology (2004) in press.

Invited Reviews, manuscripts, Book Chapters

  1. Gehrmann, J. and Banati, R. B. International Titisee Conference on Neuroimmune Networks: cell–cell communication and response to injury and regeneration. Brain Pathol. (1992) 3: 267-8
  2. Gehrmann, J. and Banati, R.B., Microglia: Main immuneffector cell in the central nervous system, Futura (1992) 2, 44-47.
  3. Gehrmann, J., Banati, R.B. and Kreutzberg, G.W., The reactive Microglial cell - Involvement in disease of the nervous system with special reference to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in: HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system, Weis, S. and Hippius, H. (eds.), Hogrefe and Hubert Publishers (1992) 225-249.
  4. Schubert, P., Banati, R.B., Dux, E., Gehrmann, J., Rudolphi, K., and G.W. Kreutzbrg, Reactive oxygen intermediates in microglial cells differentiating into brain macrophages: Depression by propentofylline and relation to adenosine action, In: Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia, Krieglstein, J. and Oberpichlerschwenk, H. (eds), Wissenschaftl. Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart (1992) 461-467.
  5. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Czech, C., Mönning, U., Jones, L.L., König, G., Beyreuther, K. and Kreutzberg, G.W. Amyloid precursor protein is rapidly expressed in glia associated with reactive neurons. Early and rapid de novo synthesis of APP in activated microglia, In: Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, Nicolini, M., Zatta, P.F., and B. Corain, Advances in the Biosciences (1993) 87, 273-276.
  6. Kettenmann, H., Banati, R. B., and Walz, W., Electrophysiological behaviour of microglia, Glia (1993) 7, 93-101.
  7. Sandbrink, R., Banati, R.B., Masters, C.L., Beyreuther, K., and König, G., Expression of L-APP mRNA in brain cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1993) 24, 695: 183-189.
  8. Banati, R.B., Gehrmann, J., Schubert, P., Kreutzberg, G.W., Cytotoxicity in microglia, Glia (1993) 7, 111-118.
  9. Banati, R.B. and Graeber, m., surveillance, intervention and cytotoxicity: is there a protective role for microglia, dev. neurosc. (1994) 16, 114-127.
  10. Gehrmann, J. Banati, R.B., Wiessner, C., Hossmann, K.A., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Reactive microglia in cerebral ischaemia: an early mediator of tissue damage? Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. (1995) 21: 277-89.
  11. Banati, R.B. and Beyreuther, K., Alzheimer's disease, in : Neuroglia, Kettenmann, H. and Ransom B.R. (eds) Oxford University Press Inc., NY (1995) 1027-1043.
  12. Gehrmann, J., Banati, R.B., The role of the microglia in the immune response of the brain, in: Imune response in the central nervous system, N.J. Rothwell, Bios Scientific Publishers (1995), 61-72.
  13. Banati, R. B., Gehrmann, J and Kreuzberg, G. W., Early glial reactions in ischemic lesions, In: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage, B.K. Siesjo and T. Wieloch, Advances in Neurology 71 (1996) 329-337.
  14. Jones, L.L., Banati, R.B., Raivich, G., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Population control by cell death in situ: The fate of activated microglia. J Brain Res. (1996) 37: 586-587.
  15. Gehrmann, J., Banati, R.B., Wekerle, H., and Kreutzberg, G.W., Immune-mediated PNS injury with an emphasis on experimental autoimmune neuritis, In: The peripheral nerve in Leprosy and other neuropathies, N.A. Antia and V.P. Shetty, Oxford university press (1997), 241-250.
  16. Banati, R. B. and Myers, R., The immune response in the Alzheimer’s disease brain. Biochem. Soc. Trans. (1997) 25: 683-685.
  17. Cagnin, A., Gerhard, A., Banati, R. B. The concept of in vivo imaging of neuroinflammation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. (2002) 39:179-91.
  18. Banati, R. B., Visualising microglial activation in vivo. Glia (2002) 40:206-217.
  19. Banati, R. B., Brain Plasticity and Microglia: Is transsynaptic glial activation in the thalamus after limb denervation linked to cortical plasticity and central sensitisation ? J. Physiol. (2002) 96:2892-99.
  20. Cagnin, A., Gerhard, A., Banati, R. B., In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation. Neuropsychopharmacology (2002) 12:581-586.
  21. Banati, R. B., Neuropathological imaging: In vivo detection of glial activation as a measure of disease and adaptive change in the brain. British Medical Bulletin (2003) 65:121-31.
  22. Raivich, G., Banati, R. B., Brain microglia and blood-derived macrophages: molecular profiles and functional roles in multiple sclerosis and animal models of autoimmune demyelinating disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. (2004) 46:261-81.
  23. Verhuis, R., Hoozemans, J.J.M., Cagnin C., Eikelenboom, P., Banati, R.B., The activation of microglia as an early sign of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. in : Neuroglia 2nd edition, Kettenmann, H. and Ransom B.R. (eds) Oxford University Press Inc., NY (2005) 1027-1043.

Letters

  1. Banati, R.B., Blunt, S.B and Graeber, M.B., What does Apoptosis have to do with Parkinson’s disease? Movement disorders (1999) 14: 383-385.